Institution Of Marriage - 1086 Words

Eric Behm Professor Justin Smith English Composition 101 12/10/14 Institution of Marriage The idea of two people spending the rest of their lives together used to be an extremely common occurrence. Not to say that it has changed completely, but the odds of a new marriage lasting more than 15 years is now less than half, and the cause of this might not be the regression of the belief in the institution of marriage, but the growth of options and the pursuit and belief in true happiness. In the past 50 years, much has changed in our perception of marriage. With the Sexual Revolution that occurred in the 1960’s and 1970’s, women became independent by gaining control of their sexuality and sought higher education, higher paying jobs and†¦show more content†¦These clubs expanded throughout the 1960s, opening locations from New York to Los Angeles and further. (Farber, p. 30) There was a massive increase in sexual encounters between unmarried adults during the Sexual Revolution. Men and women sought to reshape marriage by insti lling new institutions of open marriage, mate swapping, swinging, and communal sex. In addition, the growing number of marriages resulting in divorce--and the consequent lessening of the stigma attached to divorce--provided another opportunity for men and women to engage in non-monogamous sexual activity. With the relaxing attitude towards sexuality and the introduction of birth control, casual sex between adults was becoming very popular. The development of the birth control pill is often suggested as a cause of the Sexual Revolution. The creation of birth control actually came from President Lyndon B. Johnson’s social reform policy called â€Å"The Great Society†, which was mainly set to eliminate poverty and racial injustice. The FDA licensed â€Å"The Pill† in 1960 as a means to eliminate poverty cause by overpopulation. (Bailey, p. 828) The pill was extremely popular and had over 1 million users by the year 1962. With the wide adoption of birth cont rol, women now became free to express their sexuality without the worry of unplanned pregnancy. The role of women in marriage in the 1950’s was often to stay at home doing housework and

Analysis Of The Movie No Wire Hangers - 891 Words

â€Å"No wire hangers!† What would be a normal thing to find in an average persons home is not accepted in Joan Crawford’s home. This posses the question why in the movie Mommie Dearest does Mrs. Crawford have a dilemma with wire hangers in her closet? Why does she have so many mental complications in general? Although to the public, Joan seems like a striving successful actress she obviously has some underlying issues. She has developed her personality disorders her whole life, but how she got them is a mystery. Most people develop personality disorders from their parents or how they are raised. This is most likely the case with Joan Crawford, but no one really knows since she is diseased. Joan has four major personality disorders within the movie; Obsessive-compulsive, Bipolar, Borderline, and Narcissistic personality disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder was the disorder most evident within Joan’s personality, throughout, the movie. This disorder demands per fection, and that’s in everything. There are often ridiculous rules within the household, and often times the home will be perfectly clean. For example, in the movie Joan blows a gasket on her daughter Christina, because, Joan finds a wire hanger in her closet. This shouldn’t be a humongous situation, but it is, and the end result Christina gets beaten with wire hangers. Another scene from the movie shows Joan eating raw steak, and trying to make Christina eat it as well. Christina thinks the raw steak is disgusting,Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Personality Disorder In The Movie Mommie Dearest1177 Words   |  5 Pagesbe defined as patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work and may distress the affected individual. A great deal of these disorders go unnoticed, and/or undiagnosed. One way to learn how to identify these disorders is through movie analysis. For example, the film â€Å"Mommie Dearest†, directed by Frank Perry, is a story about Joan Crawford and her struggles with personality disorders. Joan Crawford demonstrates the personality disorders of Bipolar Disorder, Histrionic Disorder, NarcissisticRead MoreMomie Dearest : Psychological Disorders In The Movie Mommie Dearest1168 Words   |  5 Pagesand motion pictures to detect and analyze disorders. For example, in the movie â€Å"Mommie Dearest†, it is not hard to identify the psychological and personality disorders Joan Crawford possesses, despite not being trained psychologists. After viewing the movie and analyzing the character, it is clear to see the Joan Crawford possesses the disorders of Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissism, and Bipolar disorders. Throughout the movie Mommie Dearest, it is clear that the most prominent personality disorderRead MoreMommie Dearest : Movie Analysis1325 Words   |  6 Pagesperson’s ability to cope with everyday life. Personality disorders are patterns of inflexible traits that disrupt social life or work and may distress the affected individual (Rathus, 2010). One way to learn how to identify these disorders is through movie analysis. Movies can help the understanding of psychological and personality disorders because people can get a better understanding from a â€Å"show me, not tell me† aspect. It is hard for a student to understand what these disorders actually are unless,Read MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesNetworking Strategy 321 PART III Acquiring Information Systems 327 Chapter 8 Basic Systems Concepts and Tools The Systems View What Is a System? 329 329 330 Seven Key System Elements Organizations as Systems 330 334 Systems Analysis and Design 335 Business Processes 336 Identifying Business Processes 336 Business Process Redesign 336 Processes and Techniques to Develop Information Systems 339 The Information Systems Development Life Cycle 339 StructuredRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pageslooking at alternative actions that can be taken, then considering the probable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on ColumbusRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesLine 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics

Should Cellphones Be Banned During Class Time Argumentative Essay free essay sample

Supporters of the use of cellphones in class say that the phones can be used as an educational learning tool in some lessons, but only when the teacher specifically asks for the use of it. Almost all modern smart phones have Internet access and the students are usually able to download some very useful learning applications, for example a graphing calculator app for math or an online dictionary for a different language. A high school in Winnipeg has made a use of cellphones by including them in their recent book study, which involved students sending responses to their teacher’s question in video and audio formats (Mario, Danielle). To a certain extent they are right; however, what happens with the students that do not own a cellphone or with those that are not willing to use their phone for the purpose prescribed by the teacher? After we have seen this evidence it is obvious that those students could not be included in the work the students with a cellphone do (John, Bradley). We will write a custom essay sample on Should Cellphones Be Banned During Class Time ? Argumentative Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Opponents of the idea of banning the use of cellphones claim that it is important for students to carry a phone with them so that the parents are able to stay in contact with their children, and in the case of an emergency it is possible to call somebody for help. The article â€Å"No cellphones in school† states that some parents are opposed to removing the use of cellphones in school because they have grown accustomed to â€Å"keeping tabs† on their children (unknown author). However, what we are discussing here is not really convincing, because the students would still be able to call their families with the teacher’s phone. But on the other hand, Rhonda Kimberley-Young, president of the Ontario Secondary School Teachers Federation, stated [i]ts increasingly becoming an issue for teachers, (Chinta, Puxley). From this, it is obvious that cellphones are sometimes a huge distraction for teachers, because the students phones often ring during class time and interrupt the lesson. Although cellphones can have a negative impact on students in the classroom, there are ways that they can also be helpful in the learning process of a student. Through the extension of technology, almost every school has Wi-Fi so that the students have access to the Internet and are able to do research on it. This opportunity really makes research more efficient because it reduces the time the students have to spend on searching in books. Therefore they have more time to analyze their research and to understand it better. Maria Babbage explains that â€Å"[t]hey can be a major distraction, but there is a â€Å"right way† to use them in school† (Babbage, Maria). But now that cellphones are internet devices, the potential for mischief or abuse by a lot of students has grown. This has resulted in many students arriving at school with a phone, taking it to class and communicating with their friends via social networks, such as Facebook, Twitter or sending and receiving text messages. That is why almost every teacher is grappling with how to stop students from using their phones during class time. A public-opinion poll revealed that 37% of Canadian teenagers use their cellphone to talk or text to their friends during school hours (Shaw, Gillian). Another really big problem that appears in a lot of countries is that a few students use their phones during tests or sometimes even exams. There are a lot of different possibilities to cheat with phones or electronic devices. For example, the students are able to text their friends to ask them for help. There is also the possibility to record the voice. That would give them access to the correct answers. In conclusion, it is obvious that cellphone use is a very important part of a teenager’s development and life. It is important for teenagers to experience until it impedes or interrupts their learning. The use of cellphones in school can be a very useful method of learning however, the teachers should be able to control the use of them and if necessary, collect them before the lesson starts. The most important thing that the parents can do is teach kids how to use phones wisely (Babbage, Maria).

Treatment Programs for Juvenile Offenders

Introduction Juvenile offenders require a special treatment in order to make them avoid repeating offensive behavior because juvenile crimes have been rated high among the major determinants of the crime rates in society. Unfortunately, most of the people do not directly attribute crimes to children. They assume that children cannot be involved in criminal activities due to their innocence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Treatment Programs for Juvenile Offenders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, researches by juvenile offenders researchers like Schemalleger (2008, p 542) have indicated that 10% of 99,794 juvenile arrests that were made in United States in 2008 were of children aged 12 and below. It is also heart wrenching to realize that 17% of all police arrests made every year comprise juvenile offenders. This finding is very alarming. Therefore, it calls for various stakeholders in juvenile t reatment programs to be zealous since children only comprise 26% of the United States’ population. The figure indicates that adolescents are capable of committing crimes unless they are tamed at an early age. Since most of the juvenile offenders are adolescents, various stakeholders can correct this behavior through proper treatment, which is of paramount importance to focus on especially the roles that various stakeholders in the treatment programs play. When the stakeholders strengthen the output of their particular roles in treatment of juvenile offenders, the effort will eventually reduce the rate of crimes in the future by having every stakeholder in various treatment programs understand his or her roles and the impact of their role on its success. Although correctional institutions and various governments have always centered their efforts on the use of scare straight programs when dealing with juvenile offenders, it has been widely discredited due to its lack of effici ency and effectiveness. Various non-confrontational methods have been shown to perform better than scare-straight programs. Such non-confrontational juvenile treatment methods include discussions and positive reinforcement, educational programs, family programs, re-entry programs, youth recreation programs, and community-based programs. In all the programs, various stakeholders are involved. The effectiveness of such programs therefore largely depends on the contribution of the key stakeholders.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, since the increasing rates of juvenile crimes forced various stakeholders such as parents, the youths themselves, and various administrators such as lawyers and police to develop juvenile treatment programs, the stakeholders become integral in implementation. The paper endeavors to discuss the impact of various stakeholders in treatment progr ams for juvenile offenders. Role of the youth in the juvenile treatment programs Youths have a role to appreciate juvenile programs and their objectives. Youths who participate in the juvenile treatment programs are the major stakeholders. In fact, the whole program is designed to change them from delinquents to law-abiding citizens in their states. Schemalleger (2008, p.546) asserts that the Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 was meant to make the court focus on children’s interest in case of a crime rather than on their criminal acts thus indicating that all juvenile treatment programs are designed for the good of the youth involved in the crime. In fact, in the Illinois court judges were barred by law from referring to juvenile offenders as criminals instead of delinquents. All delinquents should therefore play their rightful roles in the implementation of juvenile treatment programs since it is geared towards their well-being. The youths who have been involved in the cri me have to accept the circumstances under which they been associated with criminal activities. Acceptance of one’s situation is a great role that can enhance the success of the treatment program. The youth must appreciate that all other stakeholders in the juvenile treatment program are focused towards his or her success in the future. The other role that the youth involved in the juvenile treatment program should play is that of feeling guilty of the committed offence, which marks the beginning of the healing and the change program. For the delinquent to reform from their criminal acts, they must begin by accepting that what they did is wrong and is punishable in the society. In fact, according to Schemalleger (2011, p. 547), when the delinquents are pampered, they continue with criminal activities even when they have been tried in courts of law thus making young criminals not to be remorseful about their evil acts.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sampl e on Treatment Programs for Juvenile Offenders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The assumption that, when children commit a criminal act, they do so unwillingly and that they should not be regarded as criminals is misleading. As Dammer and Albanese (2011, p. 264) argue, due to the assumption of guilt, the Juvenile Court Act of 1938 flopped. From this Act, the court was to assume that it was the ultimate parent to all juvenile offenders to compel the state to use non-punitive measures in handling delinquents. Moreover, juvenile offenders could not be taken through the formal judicial procedures in prosecuting crime acts. Consequently, by 1980 the rate of juvenile crimes worsened (Dammer Albanese, 2011, p. 264). Juvenile offenders should therefore be remorseful of their criminal acts. Youths should focus on the actual criminal acts that they committed. The strategy will deter them from committing such crimes again since it harms other people. Juvenile offenders should be made to understand the repercussions of their criminal acts on the victim and the society. For instance, if they injured another person, they should be made to understand the pain, the financial impact, and anger on the side of the victim. They will hence regret committing such crimes again. The treatment will also make them not to participate in any crimes for the second time. Klenowski, Bell, and Dodson (2010, p.256) are for the opinion that, when juvenile offenders are made to apologize their acts at a young age, their willingness to repeat the behavior is deterred. Therefore, all juvenile offenders should feel guilty and sorry for their evil deeds. They will then appreciate changing their attitude towards themselves hence making juvenile treatment program a success. The youths also have a role to show commitment to the program. According to Gottfred and Barton (1993, p.2), youths who spent enough time in the juvenile treatment program are les s likely to repeat the criminal act. This inference is attributed to the fact that youths who are not committed to the treatment program do not have enough time under their supervisors. Lack of commitment also denies them a chance to access all services that the program is designed to offer. Barton and Butts advocate for juvenile treatment programs to be done in an institution (1990). In an institution, the youth is able to access the supervisors, teachers, and other stakeholders in the program.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also true that juvenile offenders who commit themselves to learn in the correctional institutions are not likely to repeat their behavior. Consequently, juveniles who remain in their community should plan to commit themselves to the treatment programs up to the end because the more the contact hours that the delinquent has with the supervisor and the counselors, the more he or she is likely to be stable in avoiding criminal activities in the future. Such educational programs make them knowledgeable. The youths gain more insights on crime and the consequences of criminal acts. The youths have the responsibility to change. Delinquent behavior is classified as criminal since a crime is a crime whether committed by a child or an adult. Juvenile offenders should therefore appreciate that other stakeholders in the treatment program work for their well-being. However, none of the other stakeholders in the treatment programs can change. Youths ought to change themselves for better. Th e society and experts today are advocating for non-confrontational methods of juvenile treatment. Youths must appreciate that they must not be confronted for them to change. They must also understand that they do not have to be beaten for them to change their behavior. In fact, they should appreciate that someone is concerned about their future. According to Klenowski, Bell, and Dodson (2010, p.255), confrontational methods do not succeed in deterring crime. This argument indicates that, when the youth see other stakeholders in the implementation of juvenile treatment program, they should be ready to change. The idea of having the youth commit themselves to change is paramount in juvenile treatment. According to Sells, Sullivan, and Devore ( 2012, p.40), researches following the life of a juvenile offender after life in prison indicate that the rate of committing another crime is 60% and 33% in being arrested for the second time. Parents and the Community Parents comprise other stak eholders in the treatment of juvenile offenders. Parents play the role of offering moral support to juvenile offenders. Therefore, parents have a role to play in ensuring the success of treatment of juvenile offender programs. According to Lipsey (1992), there are more cutbacks in the level of recidivism when the community offers juvenile treatment indicating that parents who constitute the building blocks of the community have a big role to play for the success of juvenile treatment programs. In fact, when the community supports juvenile offenders in their process of change, the delinquents can appreciate the change programs. Juvenile offenders also feel cared for when the society shows concern about what they go through. Therefore, parents should support their children in the juvenile treatment programs. They should encourage the delinquents not to repeat their past offences. Fagan, Forst, and Vivona (1998, p.233) assert that, when a group of delinquents receives extra after-treat ment care and supervision, it does not show any significant reduction levels in recidivism. Therefore, when parents and the society chip in with an aim of helping juveniles to recover, they cannot affect them negatively. The second role that parents and community should play in juvenile treatment programs is to enhance surveillance. Parents and the community should assist program administrators by ensuring that they monitor the delinquents closely. The community should also ensure that the delinquents’ whereabouts and character is closely monitored in a bid to prevent them from committing crimes again. Parents should also monitor their children to ensure that they undergo the whole process of juvenile program treatment. They have a role to play in enhancing success of the juvenile treatment programs. Although parents and community may not be trained on juvenile treatment, they are not likely to affect the program negatively (Fagan, Forst, Vivona, 1988 p.234). In fact, for th e success of juvenile treatment programs, stakeholders should focus their efforts on restraining the offenders. This strategy is likely to yield better results than the enhancement of services that were done through the scare-straight programs, which failed later. Parents should have control over what their children do. They should also know whether the programs chosen for rehabilitation of their children are good or not. They should ensure that their children have enough contact with program supervisors besides ensuring that there is an electronic surveillance on their children. This strategy will ensure that parents and society are sure about the actions of their children. Greenwood et al. (1993) argue that, when there is little or no family support on the delinquents who undergo juvenile treatment program, the success of the program may not be realized. When a child learns that his or her family is opposed to a certain kind of acts especially criminal acts, the child feels unmoti vated to repeat them. In fact, children are likely to repeat an action when there is enough reinforcement. When parents like a certain behavior and or reinforce it through motivation, the child is likely to repeat the behavior. Parents should also play the role of corroboration. From the studies carried out by Gottfred and Barton, it is easy to realize that positive reinforcement through reward motivates the youth to change their behavior meaning that parents should ensure that they reinforce any positive behavior realized from a delinquent child. This technique will encourage the child to repeat the behavior hence terminating the negative one. By applying the strategy, parents can slowly integrate their children into the normal functions of the society. According to Mulvey (2011, p.2), open programs provide an opportunity for juvenile offenders to work, join school activities, and do other productive activities in the society therefore reducing the level of crime in the society. Wh en children realize that they are equated to other members of the family and the society, they feel ready to become responsible.   Consequently, if the parents of a delinquent child are responsible enough to reinforce good behavior and to discourage negative behavior, it becomes easier to make juvenile treatment programs a success. Mathur and Scoenfeld (2010) point out that uneducated parents and neighbors (community) raise most of the delinquent children. This argument means that, if the community has a high level of illiteracy, the rate of delinquent behavior may be very high. In addition, if the parents of a certain child with high predisposition to crime are uneducated, they may not be able to reinforce positive behavior if the child becomes delinquent. This lack of positive reinforcement of good behavior makes most of the delinquents repeat a certain negative behavior. This case can also be attributed to the repeated crime behavior and increased rates of second crime arrest t o juvenile offenders. Muthur and Scoenfeld (2010, p.20) also argue that lack of positive reinforcement from parents predispose the juvenile offender to poor academic and life attitude meaning that, just as other children, delinquents are dependent on their parents for support and reinforcement of character. Therefore, parents have to play their rightful role in ensuring that their children do not become delinquent and that those that are already delinquent leave the habit for good. Parents have a role to appreciate the implementation of open treatment programs on their delinquent children because, if the parent differs with other stakeholders in the implementation of the juvenile treatment program, it becomes very difficult to implement the program. According to researches conducted by Harris, Lockwood, and Mangers (2001, p.1), there were 65000 juvenile offenders in police cells in the United States in the year 2003 because of the court order sanctions. This finding was a sharp rise stemming back to 1991. This evidence is enough that the Scare straight programs are not effective and hence the need to support the open programs for their children. In open programs, parents are not separated from their children meaning that a mother can discuss with her child about the cause of a certain behavior. Hence, they have a chance to participate in the change process. Parents appreciate having an impact on the character of their children. In the same vein, parents will appreciate a program that moulds their lost children into becoming honorable people in the society. Therefore, it is important for parents to reinforce the implementation of open juvenile treatment programs on their children. It is also factual that one of the factors that led to the failure of the scare-straight programs was the method of implementation, which calls for the parents to ensure that the juvenile program that is put forward for their children is well implemented and controlled for positive re sults. Parents should also play the role of supervising the juvenile treatment programs in addition to the people who implement such programs on their children because, in some juvenile treatment programs like such as scare-straight programs, children were exposed to criminals in maximum prison in a bid to scare them from becoming criminals. However, this strategy ended up making the criminals the role models to these children hence enhancing their predisposition to crime. According to Klenowski, Bell, and Dodson (2010, p.255), exposing juvenile offenders to hardened criminals portrays the inmates as good role models for the juveniles to emulate because the scare-straight treatment programs aimed at having the hardened criminals narrate their atrocities to the juveniles in order to scare them. To affirm the argument, Sells, Sullivan, and Devore (2012, p.40) portray how crime committed for the second time by juvenile offenders increased in the United States with the rate of second ar rests doubling to indicate that the use of some juvenile treatment programs may in fact reinforce criminal behaviors rather than discouraging it. It is therefore important that every parent of a delinquent monitor and understand the program that is being applied for their sons or daughters. The Program Administrators Program administrators include supervisors, advocates who design programs, counselors, the police, and all professionals involved in the juvenile treatment programs. Every program administrator works hard to see the success of the juvenile offender. Each one of these administrators has a role to play for the success of the program. The program designers, for instance, have a role to design objectives and effective programs. Scare-straight program flopped due to poor program design. This failure means that successful programs have to be designed in a certain way and be implemented in a way. According to Schemalleger (2011, p.546), the enactment of the Illinois Juvenile A ct of 1899 juveniles were to be referred to as delinquents aiming at eliminating the sense of guilt in them. As such, juveniles in crimes increased while the probability of second crime commitment by those that had fully undergone treatment programs rose. This finding means that poor polices on juvenile treatment programs can lead to more deterioration of the character of juvenile offenders. It is also worth noting that the enactment of Juvenile Court Act of 1938 by the United States federal government did not yield any positive results. These poor policies even made the delinquents worse. Schemalleger (2011, p.547) and Dammer and Albenese (2011, p.547) argue that, since advocates included many attributes of the preceding Illinois Act into this Act, it had to fail. In addition, Schemalleger argues that the concerted efforts to enforce these laws in the whole federation were not successful. If such enactments were made in a wise way, they could have been successful. The program admin istrators also have a role to ensure proper strategies for implementation. The success of any program depends on the people involved in it. If the people involved in the implementation of the program do not understand it or go against it, the program is bound to fail. For example, after the enactment of the Juvenile Court Act of 1938, the federal government worked to ensure that every state had implemented such policies within eight years. However, due to poor implementation strategies, the program did not succeed in lowering the level of juvenile offences. In fact, juvenile crime rate increased as an indication of poor strategy implementation plans. Although the program implementers focused their attention on the good of the child, the program’s perspective made it fail. Juvenile offenders who were involved in this program felt pampered. Therefore, they were never remorseful about the crimes they had committed. This elimination of guilt in the minds and hearts of the juvenil e offenders made them prone to committing the crime for the second time. In fact, this elimination of guilt on the side of the offenders acted as a reinforcement of their negative behavior. Therefore, most of them were rearrested soon after they had left the rehabilitation camp despite having completed their treatment program period. In addition, Schemalleger (2011, p.548) asserts that states were guided by the principle of noncriminal procedures when adjudicating juvenile cases. This interpretation of the act was also a factor that reinforced its crumbling. The program was bound to fail from its onset because children that committed crimes were to be regarded as delinquents and not criminals during the implementation of the program. It is not proper for a juvenile offender who had committed a crime of rape or murder to be regarded as a delinquent. This provision makes them feel exempted from guilt while the victim of their crimes continues to suffer. In fact, they felt that their n ation was one of lawlessness and not everybody was punishable by law. This would reinforce the belief that, even when they commit another crime, they will not be punished as other criminals. This argument is another reason for the failure of the scare-straight program on which the federal government had invested a lot of money. One can therefore argue that, due to poor program implementation strategies, the rate of juvenile crime had risen so high in 1980s (Dammer Albanese, 2011, p.264). The program was a total flop. It even worked against the intentions of is designers. Program designers have a role to ensure that the program yield positive results. The people who are involved in coming up with the juvenile treatment programs, for example lawyers, advocates, and other policy makers should ensure that the programs are geared towards success. The failure of any program indicates failure on the side of the designers, implementers, and processes. The Illinois Act and the Juvenile Cour t Act failed as a manifestation of a failure on the side of the program designers and the implementers alike. Having the program not achieving its objective of deterring crime and reducing the rate of juvenile crime indicates malfunction. Programs are designed to succeed not to fail. In fact, the scare-straight program was not a success despite much effort put by the state in ensuring that the program was successful. Lawyers and policy makers had spent considerable efforts in ensuring that this program was a success. Program implementers also made efforts in ensuring that the program was successful. In fact, the plan was that, by the end of the first eight years after the Juvenile court act, every state would have implemented the Juvenile Crimes Act. Program implementers as stakeholders can determine whether a certain juvenile treatment program will be a success. Program implementers should appeal to the other stakeholders in their work because efforts to force the juveniles or thei r parents to adopt juvenile treatment without their freewill may not work. Any one of the other stakeholders in the process of implementing juvenile treatment program can thwart the whole process. The level of understanding of the policies and laws governing juvenile program implementation is also likely to affect the implementation process because misinterpretation of policies makes the planned results unrealistic. For example, the interpretation of the Illinois Act to include the rule that juvenile offenders were not to be rehabilitated using non-punitive measures contributed to the failure of the scare-straight program because the interpretation led to the offenders being given too much freedom. Therefore, program implementers including counselors, policemen, and other supervisors should look at every strategy from a broad perspective. Conclusion In conclusion, various stakeholders play different roles in the implementation of juvenile treatment programs. The role played by each of them is important for the success of the program because juvenile treatment programs constitute a process. The wellbeing of a treatment program will depend on the effectiveness of various stakeholders that participate in it. The scare-straight programs that the United States had embarked on for many years failed to yield the intended results. In fact, instead of reducing the level of crimes in the United States, it ended up increasing it to indicate that the success of a certain juvenile treatment program largely depends on the stakeholders. Today, the world has moved towards the use of open programs for juvenile treatment. Such open programs include discussions and re-entry programs amongst others. In such methods, the focus has now changed the attention from the offenders alone to focusing on all the stakeholders. Every stakeholder in the treatment of juvenile offenders programs has a key role to play as discussed in the paper. Reference List Barton, H., Butts, A. (1990). Viab le options: Intensive supervision programs for juvenile delinquents. Crime and Delinquency, 36(2), 238-256. Dammer, R., Albanese, J. (2011). Comparative Criminal Justice Systems. Belmont: Wadsworth. Gottfred, C., Barton, H. (1993). Deinstitutionalization of juvenile offenders.  Criminology, 31(4), 591-611. Greenwood, W., Deschenes, P., Adams, J. (1993). Chronic Juvenile Offenders: Final  Results From the Skillman Aftercare Experiment. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation. Klenowski, M., Bell, Dodson, K. (2010). An Empirical Evaluation Of Juvenile Awareness Programs In The United States: Can Juveniles Be â€Å"Scared Straight†?  Journal Of Offender Rehabilitation, 49(4), 254-272. Lipsey, M. (1992). Juvenile delinquency treatment: A meta-analytic inquiry into the  variability of effects. In Meta-Analysis for Explanation: A Casebook. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Lockwood, B., Mengers, L. (2009). A CJCA White paper: Defining and Measuring  Recidivism. L ondon: Routledge. Mathur, S., Schoenfeld, N. (2010). Effective Instructional Practices In Juvenile Justice Facilities. Behavioral Disorders, 36(1), 20-27. Mulvey, E. (2011). Highlights From Pathway to Desistance: A Longitudinal Study of  Serious Adolescent Offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Schemalleger, F. (2011). Criminal Justice Today: An introductory Text for The 21st  Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sells, S., Sullivan, I., DeVore, D. (2012). Stopping The Madness: A new Reentry System For Juvenile Corrections. Corrections Today, 74(2), 40-45. This research paper on Treatment Programs for Juvenile Offenders was written and submitted by user Eric Pickett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ethical delimms Essay Example

Ethical delimms Essay Example Ethical delimms Essay Ethical delimms Essay What is Ethical Dilemmas in the workplace? A dilemma usually arises when there is conflict between staff, and their Individual opinion. An Ethical dilemma may occur within two or more people, almost all workplace has ethical dilemmas reason Is staff may all come from different socio-economic backgrounds, cultures, and beliefs. Ethical Dilemmas in the work place are common issues, and can be a daunting issue. It can cause an employee not to like their Job, or cause a bad impression on others. Many of the different dilemmas that can be faced are favoritism, sexual harassment, termination of an employee without notice, unnecessary delay in pay, working for more than one organization, not doing your Job, and taking excessive leave, the list can go on and on. It can also cause a person to have unwanted stress. As a counselor ones job title is working as a trainer on the floor assisting developmental adults with piece work, counseling individuals when needed, and complying with state guidelines, ensuring that all yearly documents are received, and filed, Individualized service plans are done twice a year, and ensuring the health and fatty of all Individuals. Each case load consist of 10-20 individuals. This work usually comes with a dead line, sometimes It also comes with all staff assisting with the fashion. Employee X was hired as a counselor on his first day on the Job his Job duties was again told, along with his training. However he refused to work as everyone else. Many of times he has been caught locked away in the office refusing to help or assist with the other individuals. Counselor Z has spoken to counselor X, however nothing has changed. Eventually counselor Z went to her director, and informed them of the situation. Upon speaking to the director, counselor Z was informed that they would have a staff meeting with the department during the meeting counselor X stated that hes always on the floor. Once again the Job description was given to all employees. The director even established a rotating schedule in case the need arise that additional staff was needed on the floor. This plan indicated office duties, each counselor will have one day where you were allotted to complete all office work and the other office work days was split. Where one counselor was on the floor at all times while the other counselor had office duties. This seemed to work for a while. This seemed to Correcting the Ethical Dilemma of the work place. Counselor X started hiding away in the office, once again refusing to help on the floor. One day we were so short staff and needed as much help as possible, the director pulled staff from other departments to assist us as we had reached the companies dead line, and the order was going to be picked up for shipment by the close of business. Counselor X stated that it was his office day, and he was not leaving his office. Counselor Z went to the director once again, and tresses her concerns, at the end of the day the director called a staff meeting, for an in service on what Job titles were. When asked what was the issues or conflicts that the department had, or if there was any concerns that needed to be rectified no one said anything, not to mention that many of the other employees had the same concerns. I finally said I had something to say I stated exactly what the issue was. The director gave counselor X a chance to defend himself, and of course he never admitted to doing anything wrong. The director stated that a counselors Job is Just as important, as any other position in the facility. The director also stated effective immediately no counselor will be in the office any one day in any given week. All counselors will be allowed one day of choice to do paper work, if for any reason staff is needed on the floor another day will be assigned either that week or the following week to ensure that all work is completed in a timely fashion. It seemed as if this problem was not going to get rectified. I was not sure if the director has ever spoke to counselor X, it was unclear if he even understood his Job. After weeks, of the same behavior going on. I started to think there is some type of favoritism. I could not put my hands on the situation. I finally went to the union. I was not sure if this was the right thing to do, however the company felt strong about stealing company money, which this was because he did no work. As an outsider do you feel that this situation was handled in the correct way? If you were the director can you think of a better way of dealing with this situation? If I was the director 1 verbal, 1 written, and a final would have been all that it should have taken. Eventually the director transferred to a different facility, and counselor X was fired. This situation went on for more than 8 months. This ethical Dilemma not only affected staff but it also affected the individuals that we serviced. Even though a person track. Now that the union was involved the company has implemented the 3 strike rule. In conclusion to the Ethical Dilemmas that are found in many areas of the work place. As all employees come from different walks of life, have different beliefs, and believe what there cultures believe in. Many people will experience Ethical Dilemmas in the work place, however can it be avoided, can companies have enough in place to avoid situations like this or many others from happen again. No one ever wants to deal with certain dilemmas especially where one has to work.

Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians

Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians Canadians, Mexicans, and Usonians By Maeve Maddox I have the good fortune to live within a thirty-minute drive of Crystal Bridges, one of the world’s few major art museums to specialize in American art. Or should I say, â€Å"Usonian art†? Usonian is a new word to me. It does not appear in either the OED or M-W. I read it for the first time in a news story announcing the acquisition of a Usonian house that is being dismantled in New Jersey to be transported and reassembled on the 120-acre grounds of Crystal Bridges. American/Usonian architect Frank Lloyd Wright used the word to refer to his vision for New World architecture that would be free of previous architectural conventions. Wright’s first use of the word was in 1927: But why this term America has become representative as the name of these United States at home and abroad is past recall. Samuel Butler fitted us with a good name. He called us Usonians, and our Nation of combined States, Usonia. Wright misattributed the term Usonian to Samuel Butler. In fact, the word’s first appearance was in 1903, in the writings of James Duff Law. He proposed the term as an adjective to describe the residents of the United States: †We of the United States, in justice to Canadians and Mexicans, have no right to use the title Americans when referring to matters pertaining exclusively to ourselves.† L.L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, had similar ideas. The Esperanto word for the United States–first used in a speech at the 1910 World Congress of Esperanto in Washington, D.C., is Usono; the Esperanto word for an inhabitant of the U.S. is Usonano, and the adjective is usona. Wright’s â€Å"Usonian homes† were designed to be affordable to middle-income families; they were small, single-story dwellings without a garage or much storage. Wright coined the word carport to describe the covered unenclosed space in which to park the family car. Jacobs House, thought to have been the first of about sixty Usonian homes designed by Wright, was built in Madison, Wisconsin in 1937. The buyer, Herbert Jacobs, challenged Wright to design and build a home for $5,000. Using recycled bricks, Wright kept construction costs to $5,500. Note: In 1937, the average annual wage in the U.S. was $1,788; the average cost of a new house, $4,100; the average price of a new car, $760, and annual tuition at Harvard University, $420. Perhaps speakers in the United States who wish to avoid offending the other inhabitants of North and South America by using the word American to refer to themselves alone could soothe their consciences by adopting the word Usonian. To try it out, I played around with some movie titles: A Usonian Werewolf in London Captain Usonia Usonian Beauty Usonian Graffiti Usonian Pie Usonian Psycho Usonian Reunion Usonian Hustle The change would take some getting used to. But then, since so many people are complaining nowadays that the country is not what it once was, maybe it’s time to adopt a new demonym. Note: Demonym is another word that hasn’t made it into the OED or M-W yet. From the Greek word for â€Å"populace,† a demonym is the name applied to a person according to country of origin. For example, French, Latvian, Canadian. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives Ten Yiddish Expressions You Should Know30 Nautical Expressions

The Rewards For Caring for a Pet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Rewards For Caring for a Pet - Essay Example Having a dog as a pet is a big responsibility and requires that the owner give as much to the pet as they expect in return. A dog can't get to the doctor, shop for dog food, or open the door to go outside. The well cared for dog needs a human's attention on a regular basis. The rewards that are gained from a happy and healthy dog come from giving your dog the proper care and treatment that they need. The care for any new dog in the household begins when the puppy is just a few weeks old and lays a foundation for its future good health. As a puppy, the first trip outside the home will probably be to visit a veterinarian to get the preventative care that they need to stay healthy. The veterinarian will typically give the dog a series of shots that prevent the dog from acquiring such illnesses as distemper and rabies. This will usually be followed up at a later date by the second series of booster shots, including de-worming, that ensures that the dog will have a lifetime of immunity to the diseases that most commonly afflict dogs. These initial vet visits will be augmented throughout the life of the dog by ongoing treatments for other threats to a dog's health. The veterinarian gives the dog the first line of defense against the major canine ailments, but it is up to the owner to provide regular and ongoing treatment for additional problems that face the dog. The veterinarian can give the dog a pill that kills any existing worms and will need to work with the owner to maintain a regimen of ongoing treatment to eliminate the possibility of a lethal case of heartworms (Crans). In addition, a dog can be subject to fleas, mites, skin conditions, and ear infections that may require additional treatment. The owner needs to regularly observe the animal for signs of unusual scratching or behavior that might indicate a health problem. There are many products such as flea collars, pills, and drops that provide lasting prevention for fleas and ticks (Potter). In addition, the dog's ears require regular cleaning and many other conditions can be attended to with over the counter medicines or with the help of a veterinarian. A dog that is in good health will have a healthy appetite and it is essential to maintain a proper diet to make a happy dog. While many dogs enjoy people food, it can be a recipe for bad health. A steady diet of table scraps is usually not well balanced in terms of the fat and protein that fit the special needs of a dog. Improper feeding or overfeeding can cause a dog to become overweight and places undue strain on the dog's well being. The dog's diet should reflect the proper mix of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and vitamins. The dog's veterinarian, or reliable Internet information, can recommend good food or provide the nutrient requirements that are required for a healthy dog. Dog owners can usually do very well if they buy a high-quality dry dog food and add some meat broth, leftover vegetables, or lean meat scraps (Building a Balanced Diet). In addition to eating the correct food, it is important to not overfeed the dog. Some dogs may eat until the food is gone and the quantities will need to be monitored. The correct amounts are printed on all dog food packaging to make the owner's job easy. Following these simple steps will result in a dog that is fit and trim.